Alcoholism and Its Effects on the Family

Alcoholism is also known as a family disease. Alcoholics may have young, teenage, or grown-up children; they have wives or husbands; they have brothers or sisters; they have parents or other relatives. An alcoholic can totally disrupt family life and cause harmful effects that can last a lifetime. According to the U. S. Department of Health and Human Services and SAMHSA’s (Substance Abuse & Mental Health Services Administration) National Clearinghouse for Alcohol and Drug Information, seventy six million American adults have been exposed to alcoholism in the family.Alcoholism is responsible for more family problems than any other single cause. According to Silverstein (1990), one of every four families has problems with alcohol. Alcoholism may be defined as the disease that affects the environment, genetic, and psychosocial factors of an individual. The said disease is said to be distinguished by periodic or continuous intake of alcohol, without worrying about the adverse effe cts the addiction may incur on the individual (National Council on Alcoholism and Drug Dependence, February 3, 1990). For this, Alcoholism has been regarded to have several effects on families.Like any other addiction, Alcoholism has its detrimental effects on the user. The normal signs include problems in the stomach and in the intestines, ulcer, nausea and vomiting, deliriums, and the urge to have more of the habitual vice. However, excessive intake of the alcoholic beverage would cause much damage to the body. Starting from ulcer, the problems would tend to become psychological, greatly affecting the individual. If not taken seriously, the symptoms would progress and would eventually lead to kidney problems, insomnia, weight loss, liver failure, and even death (National Treatment Referral, n.d. ). Although Alcoholism has not been taken seriously, families have been greatly affected by the symptoms and effects it has exuded on the people involved. The addiction starts with an indi vidual drinking an estimated two bottles of beer a day. Eventually, the individual increases his tolerance for the said drug by drinking more of the habitual vice each day. Eventually, the individual begins to show signs of irritability and impatience towards his peers and people around him. Contact with peers is limited, for conflicts normally arise when this happens (Alcoholism Symptoms, n. d. ).Unfortunately, the family and its members are the most affected people in this dilemma. This may be attributed to the fact that alcoholism can affect anyone regardless of age, sex, income and social status, and even ethnicity. This means that almost anyone can be afflicted by this. The worst part of them all is the fact that the simple drinking of beer could lead to a child’s heartbreak, or worse to the child being emotionally broken (Parsons, December 4, 2003). Alcoholism present in families has been classified into four types: type one, type two, type three, and type four respecti vely.The first type was regarded as active alcoholism. This was the type that included family members, such as the parents, children, grand parents, and so forth. It has been stated that this type has been present in all family lineages. The second type involved a family member that has stopped drinking alcoholic beverages. Although there was no more active alcoholic in the house, the family still supports the way that alcoholics follow. However, conflict still becomes a great part of the family. On the other hand, Type Three shows how the alcoholic has been removed from the family, for a generation or so.This type shows how a parent would not be considered as an alcoholic regardless of the family’s history. Regardless of this, characteristics for possible alcohol addiction may still become evident. Lastly, Type Four is considered to be an alcoholic system. This may be attributed to the fact that alcoholism easily progresses, and may easily attack members of the family causin g chaos (Olivera, November 19, 2005). Sometimes, Alcoholism is regarded to be genetic, and inherited from previous generations.Individuals who have family members who are alcoholics have a high risk of acquiring the said disease. Unfortunately, it is the children who suffer the most. As mentioned earlier, having parents for alcoholics would have an effect on the children. They would tend to be emotionally disturbed, and their behavior changes as well. Some even tend to be rebellious as a sign of protest to what is being shown by the parent. Although the whole situation is being blamed on genes, sometimes the behavior of the parents and what the children see are what matters most.When they witness such heartbreaking moments at such a young age, different queries would be formed at the back of their minds and would eventually lead to different factors (Alcoholism: A Family Component, August 2005). Alcoholism may be attributed for numerous things. Although there are certain things that people can do to cope with life, there are certain things that alcohol does in an individual’s body to console them. Human needs are given and everyone becomes happy. However, there are still certain things in life that are not taken into consideration.Furthermore, I believe that it is best to say that circumstances are really pivotal in the relationships of family members. For one, excessive heartaches cannot be cured with just a simple snap of a finger. Regardless of how an individual would try to forget a heartbreaking moment, he just can not. In turn, they shift their attention to other mediums, such as alcohol, to make them feel better. Being consumed by the alcohol inhibits them from wallowing on their heartaches, and in turn, go on with their interrupted life. Another instance that may be attributed to alcohol intake is depression.The individual would feel that being drunk is better than suffering from the heartaches and problems brought about by the circumstances tha t happened around them. It is just but human nature to feel hurt when some things are done unwillingly; however, it also depends on the individuals on how they would be able to cope up with such circumstances. Furthermore, I believe that it is best to say that the family is the primary structure of society affected by such dilemma. Seeing a family member wallow on the negative effects of alcohol may become heartbreaking, and worse, detrimental to the once healthy relationship that the family had.In addition to this, unborn babies who have no idea of the real world are also being affected by this habitual vice. Pregnant women tend to pass on some of the alcoholic content into their unborn children, while trying to enjoy this extraordinary lifestyle. Unfortunately, the intake of alcoholic beverages also causes some abnormalities and defects on the unborn babies. These tend to become irreversible and would forever remind the parents of their habitual vice. Children, on the other hand, also tend to be affected by such dilemma.Witnessing a parent wallow on the harsh effects of alcohol would make them perceive things differently from those of children their age. They tend to form guilt feelings toward themselves, and have very low esteem. In addition to this, they form a feeling of abandonment from their parents, because they feel that their parents would opt to satisfy their needs for the habitual vice than care for them. From here on, the children would develop insecurities about themselves that greatly affect their academic standing. In school, these children would be regarded to be different from their peers, for they tend to deviate from the crowd.In this light, they would also opt to be alone and become anti-social. Building relationships with others would become difficult from their end, for they would feel that they would also be blamed for any wrong action made by their peers (Effects of Alcoholism on Families, n. d. ). Although adults may tend to become mo re understanding of such situations than children, they may also be affected by the addiction. Having an alcoholic for a spouse would come as a challenge that has effects on the relationship. Like the children, the spouse also has to deal with the emotional and mental torture brought about by alcoholism.The role as father and mother would be passed on to the normal spouse’s hands, because of the partner’s inability to fulfill them. In this regard, the non-alcoholic spouse would have difficulty in handling everything, which would also have an effect on the children. As much as possible, the non-alcoholic spouse would accomplish tasks deemed from both, even to the extent of trying to be perfect. Unfortunately, the emotional and mental turmoil experienced by the spouse would come in between the relationship with the children.In this regard, the children would develop a sense of rejection from both parents. Alcoholism also affects the financial stability of the family, for much money is being spent in purchasing alcoholic beverages. In this regard, other privileges are sacrificed by the other members of the family. Quite a heartbreaking situation, but this is the way things go. For this, many couples would opt for separation and divorce (Parsons, December 14, 2003). From everything that has been said, it may be clearly stated that Alcoholism definitely as an effect on the family.Although it was evident how much emotional and mental turmoil Alcoholism may have on each member of the family, it may also be seen that not all are negative. Giving people temporary bliss would also help in the emotional state of an individual. However, this would come as a threat when things go overboard. Alcoholism is not as bad as it may seem. People should only be careful when dealing with such, so that no other person may be broken emotionally. Furthermore, having control over one’s self is essential in making the individual more capable of facing the future ahea d of him. References Parsons, T.(2003). Alcoholism and its effect on the family. All Psych Online. Retrieved November 27, 2008 from http://allpsych. com/journal/alcoholism. html (n. d. ). Alcoholism in the family: What can you do. Retrieved November 27, 2008 from http://www. learn-about-alcoholism. com/alcoholism-in-the-family. html (2005). Alcoholism: A family component. Retrieved November 27, 2008 from http://www. alcoholismresources. com/family_alcoholism. html (n. d. ) Alcoholism sysmptoms. http://www. learn-about-alcoholism. com/alcoholism-symptoms. html Leskinen, S. (n. d. ). Alcoholism: A family illness. Retrieved Nove

Fast Food in the United States Essay

Food prepared quickly for consumers is how we define fast food. Fast food restaurants main purpose is to provide food in a short amount of time for the customers. They are inexpensive, quick, and convenient. The first or the earliest fast food restaurant that had started this fast food chain is the infamous McDonalds. The first McDonalds was not how the current one is like now. It was actually a restaurant that served barbeque foods in the 1940s. The brothers, Dick and Maurice McDonald were the first ones to come up with the idea of â€Å"eating quickly†. Therefore, they developed the idea of preparing food in a speed like way and so they changed their menus and started with hamburgers, french fries, and milkshakes. The business was successful and the brothers decided to expand their company and therefore opened their restaurants in different locations (Ganzel, 2007). Although fast food is inexpensive and convenient, consuming too much of it can impact the human health and environment. McDonalds is the most popular fast food chain. Currently, every McDonald is open in every state in the U. S. not to mention internationally too. We see McDonalds everywhere even if we go on a road-trip there will be McDonalds in the middle of nowhere. McDonalds is located in every local area for convenience. Since it is very convenient, many American consumers would drop by because it is quick and easy. Fast food chain expanded very quickly because it became high in demand because of the convenience (USDA). Thus, more and more people with busy lives start to rely on them because they are fast and ready to go. According to CBS news, in the year of 2009 â€Å"Americans spend over $110 billion on fast food more than they’ll spend on movies, books, magazines, etc. , every day about one quarter of the U. S. population eats fast food. † This shows that many Americans have become highly obsessed with fast foods. Since this article was published in 2009, then in 2012 Americans most likely would spend more. The price of each meal attracts consumers, making them believe that having more amount of food for that price is a great deal. Those who are in financial crisis rely on these fast food chains to survive. That is why fast food businesses like McDonalds are very successful. Their advertisement also targets children by including toy figures in the meal, which entices them to consume the meals. I’m sure that many children in the U. S. has eaten McDonalds, even I used to love eating them when I was a kid. I loved to collect the toys from happy meals, and in order to collect them I had to consume their meals. Since McDonalds attracts many children, nowadays children are having the issue of obesity. Even though McDonalds and other food chains are very convenient and inexpensive, however it can lead to other problems such as our health. Money is important in life and without money surviving in this society would be difficult, however health should be the priority in life. I believe that being healthy should be our number one priority instead of money. Being healthy allows us to earn profits so that we can live an easier life. If something were to happen, then we would have to spend an enormous amount of money to recover our health. Therefore, staying healthy can help conserve money. Consuming fast foods frequently can affect the health of the individual. According to the National Institutes of Health, adolescents who often eat at fast-food restaurants tend to gain additional weight and have a higher chance of increasing insulin resistance. If they continue to frequent at these fast food chains then there could be a high risk of attaining type 2 diabetes. Diabetes can also be the cause of heart disease (NIH). The reason why people can gain weight so easily through frequent fast food consumption is because of the calories intake. They consume more calories than they usually need per day, and whatever that is left over, the extra becomes fat especially foods that have trans fat in them. According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the U. S. population that consumes fast foods which contains sodium exceeds the amount the body needs. Excessive sodium consumption increases blood pressure, which is a high possibility in getting heart diseases and strokes. CDC stated, â€Å"51% and 27% of sodium consumed came from foods obtained at fast food/pizza restaurants. † People need to value their eating habits, the alternative from fast food chains to home made foods can make a great difference in life. The infamous McDonalds food productions are similar to all of the other fast food restaurants. According to food safety magazine, McDonalds purchase their ingredients from different suppliers. They work with not just hundreds but thousands of suppliers so that the foods would be stocked up. The meat, bread, vegetables, and packaging all have their own factories (Food Safety Magazine, 2006). Each one of them produce that certain product and McDonalds purchases it from them and puts all the ingredients together then serve it to the customers. McDonalds food production process is not simple, for example they not only have to produce the food but also test every single one of them. â€Å" The McDonald’s system requires constant quality checks throughout the supply chain process and proven traceability programs, at least one step back to the ingredient supplier, and in some cases, tracking all the way back to the farm. † (Food safety magazine, 2006) Their suppliers are required to meet the standards of food safety so that there wouldn’t be anything wrong with the product when the customers consume it. McDonalds was also one of the first ones to test the safety of fresh-cut produce in packages for distributing to other restaurants (FDA). They tried this so that in hope it could reduce any microbial hazards. McDonalds is the ideal role of a fast food restaurant, and many others try to follow its standards. McDonald consumption does not only affect health but it also impacts the environment. Due to McDonald’s food packaging many individuals liter and that trash harms the wildlife. Since McDonald’s is located everywhere in the city, state, and country the area always has McDonald’s packaging remains. According to the US Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), they have been trying to reduce the packaging at fast food establishments. They tried to develop this reduction program for those take out food containers, which are the â€Å"largest documented contributor of trash in urban waterways that flows into SF Bay, and, with partner cities, conduct outreach at fast food establishments (EPA). † This shows that McDonald’s is also the contributor in harming the environment, though McDonalds is not the only one the other fast food chains also contribute to this. Since McDonalds has expanded and has survived for all these years that means food production factories has expanded also to keep the restaurants in stock. Which means that the cattle have increased and seizing more land for the factories. This also involves in harming the environment because that means more wastes from factories and cattle. McDonalds is one of the largest fast food chains in the world. According to business week, McDonald’s corporation annual earnings in 2011 are $5. 27 per share as of January 24, 2012. McDonald’s corporation’s third quarter of 2012 revenues is about 7. 2 billion dollars, which has increased compared to before. As you can see McDonald’s profits are quite a lot. By selling inexpensive food you would think that they probably wouldn’t earn much, however having many customers consuming everyday in all of U. S. is very profitable. Food Safety Magazine stated, as of 2006 including all around the world, around 13,700 restaurants served nearly 26 million customers per day. Since this article is published in 2006, that means at present, 2012 McDonalds most likely expanded their restaurants twice as much and most likely restaurants would be serving at least 26 million customers per day. With that many consumers, fast food companies especially McDonalds profit a lot. Honestly, I used to eat McDonalds at least once in every two weeks and I was under the category of overweight. I liked eating it because it was very fast and convenient especially every time I get hungry, it satisfies my hunger. However, after watching this video in middle school called Super Size Me. It changed my perspective on fast food restaurants. The video portrayed about this man who tried to eat McDonalds Food everyday for a month. He bought everything super sized and constantly consumed it for thirty days straight. You could see that he has gained a lot of weight and he just didn’t look healthy at all, but sick instead. At some times he would throw it up. This video had changed my eating habits, and I have been eating healthy. Eating healthy has energized my body and exercising is easier because eating healthier helps you lose weight. After watching this video, I have not eaten McDonalds as much. Maybe once in awhile lets say about once in six months, but my body felt great without eating fast foods. Overall, fast food companies at present are everywhere and people especially those who are not financially supported through jobs are relying on these inexpensive foods. Foods that are able to satisfy their hunger but is unhealthy. Frequently consuming fast foods cause health problems. The number one that fast food causes is obesity that could lead to heart diseases and diabetes. People need to change their eating habits, by eating healthier foods. Changing eating habits by eating healthier can change the lifestyle of that individual so that it could prolong their life. References Gale, S. Y. (2006, February). CASE STUDIES IN FOOD PROTECTION McDonaldds USA: A Golden Arch of Supply Chain Food Safety. Food Safety Magazine. Retrieved from http://www. foodsafetymagazine. com/article. asp? id=491&sub=sub1. Chapter VI. Microbiological Safety of Controlled and Modified Atmosphere Packaging of Fresh and Fresh-Cut Produce. (2012, June 15). U S Food and Drug Administration Home Page. Retrieved November 5, 2012, from http://www. fda. gov/Food/ScienceResearch/ResearchAreas/SafePracticesforFoodProcesses/ucm091368. htm Frequent Fast Food Meals Increase Weight, Diabetes Risk, Study Says, December 30, 2004 Press Release. (2004, December 30). National Institutes of Health (NIH). Retrieved from http://www. nih. gov/news/pr/dec2004/nhlbi-30. htm Stewart, H. , Blisard, N. , Bhuyan, S. , & Nayga, R. (2004, January). The Demand of Food Away From Home Full-Service or fast food? USDA ERS – Home. Retrieved from http://www. ers. usda. gov/media/306585/aer829_1_. pdf. Vital Signs: Food Categories Contributing the Most to Sodium Consumption — United States, 2007–2008. (2012, February 10). Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Retrieved from http://www. cdc. gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/mm6105a3. htm? s_cid=mm6105a3_w Yogi, D. (2012, October 17). 10/17/2012: EPA Awards $6. 5 Million for Ten Projects to Restore. Environmental Protection Agency. Retrieved from http://yosemite. epa. gov/opa/admpress. nsf/931381dfcd9a5c308525779700424ccd/82c31b3e568b570585257a9a0058ed1c! opendocument MCDONALD’S CORP (MCD:New York): Earnings Estimates – Businessweek. (2012, November 6). Investing & Stock Research by Company and Industry – Businessweek. Retrieved from http://investing. businessweek. com/research/stocks/earnings/earnings. asp? ticke r=MCD Ganzel, B. (2007). Fast Food during the 1950s and 60s. Wessels Living History Farm, Inc. Retrieved from http://www. livinghistoryfarm. org/farminginthe50s/life_16. html Schlossar, E. (2009, February 9). Americans Are Obsessed with Fast Food: The Dark Side of the All-American Meal. CBS News. Retrieved from http://www. cbsnews. com/2100-204_162-326858. html.

Clostridium Difficile Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Clostridium Difficile - Essay Example The role of CDI in antibiotic-associated diarrhea was recognized in 1970s. In 2000, the emergence of a drug-resistant hypervirulent strain was documented. This strain was associated with severe and recurrent CDI. Between 2000 and 2005, the CDI cases almost doubled, of which majority were older adults (Kee 2011). CDI is characterized by at least three unformed feces, within a 24-hour period, with C. difficile (McCollum and Rodriguez 2012). The presence of infection is examined through histopathologic or endoscopic tests. CDI has been linked to approximately 20% of all cases of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in humans (Carman et al. 2011). From being associated with simple to severe diarrhea, C. difficile is now regarded as the principal cause of various diseases, including sepsis, fulminant colitis, multiorgan failure, toxic megacolon, and even death (Ananthakrishnan and Binion 2010). History and Epidemiology Staphylococcus aureus was commonly linked to antibiotic-associated diarrhea, but in 1974, the cases of clindamycin-associated pseudomembranus colitis were found not caused by S. aureus (Bartlett 2008). These cases were later associated with C. difficile when the link between CDI and antibiotic therapy was elucidated. CDI became more common and severe since the year 2000. From a common cause of nuisance, it evolved into a principal nosocomial cause of mortality and morbidity (McCollum and Rodriguez 2012). ... This percentage increases with age, making the elderly more prone to CDI than the young adults. Older adults may have 10% to 20% colonization rates, depending on the length and frequency of exposure to antibiotic treatments and to C. difficile (Wilcox 2003). Although the vegetative forms of the bacillus die upon exposure to air, its spores may last for months and even years. Hospitals are the major source of C. difficile spores. The bacillus can also be found in farmyards and domestic animals like dogs, cows, cats, horses, and pigs. In developed countries, hospital-acquired diarrhea is likely associated with C. difficile than any other bacteria (Wilcox 2003). In England and Wales, about 18,000 laboratory cases of C. difficile are reported annually (Wilcox 2003). More than 80% of these cases involved patients with ages of over 65 years (Wilcox 2003). The elderly patients tend to acquire severe CDI, though increasing age is not a risk factor for the extent of infection severity. These trends were also observed in the U.S. In fact, the economic cost of CDI cases in the U.S. range from $436 million to $3 billion in a year (Ananthakrishnan and Binion 2010). Clinical and Pathological Features It is often difficult to differentiate the clinical and pathological characteristics of the disease caused by C. difficile from those of other intestinal diseases, such as Crohn’s disease, ulcerative colitis, and chronic inflammatory bowel disease (Knoop et al. 1993). The symptoms may manifest as early as one to two days after an antimicrobial therapy and as late as two to ten weeks after the therapy. C. difficile-associated disease could also occur after a single

Managing Corporate Culture Coursework Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 10000 words

Managing Corporate Culture - Coursework Example The first chapter started off by defining culture, which is the acquired knowledge that people use to interpret experience and generate social behavior and the last chapter focused on performance management as a factor in the organization culture per se this chapter more directly aimed at the culture of overall societies and countries. Managerial leadership involves influencing others to direct their efforts towards the pursuit of specific goals. There are a number of factors across cultures that influence the way in which managers lead their subordinates. Some of these factors are personal values, risk preference, the manager's background, interpersonal skills and decision making. The challenge for HR professionals is to adjust positively to the culture of the organization. They have to choose path that reflect their corporate culture of the firm and attitudes of its people These contextual factors have had major implications for the Leading Edge organizations. But in responding to these pressures, they do not have a completely free hand; they are constrained by what has been called their 'administrative heritage'--the cultural and physical constraints on an organization (Bartlett and Ghoshal 1989). The degree of discretion, or strategic choice, an organization has will be determined to a large extent by leadership style, national culture, commitment to past and continuing strategies, the success of certain symbolic actions, and the nature of its systems and

Political Activism Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Political Activism - Assignment Example This will see the current policy of the Canada revenue agency (CRA) that relate to political activities conduct by registered charities remaining unchanged. The changes arising from the Budget 2012 should not be left to deter the registered charities from engaging in political activities. Charities should get involved or continue to participate in the political activities so long as they pursue the rules applicable. The charities should as well document all their political activities involvement. There have been allegations against environmental charities in their use of donations that are claimed to be received from foreign sources. A group of politicians specifically, has raised questions concerning the foreign funding appropriateness on environmental charities in Canada, whether the funds in question were useful in lobbying the government. For instance, of significance is the initiated Senate inquiry by Senator Nicole Eaton on February 2012, based upon the claims by the Senator th at such funding were influencing policy discussions improperly in the country. This was presumed with regards to government projects like the Northern Gateway pipeline. There was no credibility in such accusations in that, the charitable sector has quite a number of segments in Canada, and each year these segments receive a large scale funding from foreign sources. Such includes hospitals, universities and religious organizations, and the federal government has not made any allegations that the funding could be used in support of a political activity. Noting the strategy of counter terrorism by the federal government released on February 2012 is so crucial since it equated white supremacy environmentalism and terrorist activities in the city of Oklahoma in 1995 (Carter & Claridge, 54). As a result of this strategy and other kinds of attacks on environmental charities, the charities have created a force to enable them engage in political activities (Carter & Man, 47). However, the ab ility of charities to get involved in political activities has not been impacted by Budget2012, through the implementation of its legislation. Engaging in alternative community services could be more effective in addressing this issue. For instance, all registered charities are needed by law to have charitable purposes that are beneficial to a community such as poverty relief, promotion of advanced education and religion, and promoting of health care for the communities. The policy statement of the CRA on political activities, CPS-022, the activities by registered charities can be categorized into three as political activity, charitable activity or prohibited activity. An activity considered charitable is normally permitted without any limit. For example, communicating with public through a charity on the issue that relates to the purposes of the charity can be, under certain circumstances, be a charitable activity. However, the sort of communication has to satisfy the following req uirements: 1. Relate to and subordinate to the charitable purposes of the charity. 2. Reasoned well. 3. Does not contain inaccurate, false, or misleading information. Involving in charitable activities in a political platform

College Life Student Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

College Life Student - Essay Example The theory of oscillatory selection could be one of the first phases of evolution that we may go through . This theory explains the oscillation of a specie between two different environments with the aim to be in the best suited environment at a given point in time . If we consider our groups of friends we hang out in college with, we would realise that they are generally divided into two if not three . One group would represent the studious kind and the other the fun loving kind . There is always a marked difference between the characteristics of both the groups such that they can never merge and we as an individual would opt to be a part of only one group at any given point in time. When an individual wants to be recognised as the "hottest guy" in college or "Mr cool", which is generally the case in the initial years in college we want to be seen as a part of the "fun loving". But when we have assignments to submit and deadlines of work to be met with we shift over to the studious kind for help The theory of convergent evolution explains the acquisition of some traits by a specie,

Shopping Bags Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

Shopping Bags - Case Study Example The company has traditionally held the view that new acquisitions are as close to Barcelona as possible because logistics costs can be kept down. Opening new stores so far away from Mercadona’s central location is a huge risk and has the potential to backfire. The reason why Mercadona chose to expand to these coastal towns is that competition is fierce in Barcelona and there is not much room for growth. Mercadona sees Cartegena, Albacete, etc. as open for competition between market competitors was small. Mercadona’s main rivals in these areas are independent grocers, traditional stores, and only a few hypermarkets. Many of the large chains have stayed away from these low population areas because the target market is much smaller than it is in Barcelona. Mercadona used to primarily operate as a warehouse and distributor. The company’s efficiency of its logistic system allowed it to offer lower prices than many of its competitors. However, this strategy has been re fined over the past few years and the company is now officially a retailer. Instead of targeting consumers on the low end, Mercadona now focuses on high quality products and has also diversified its range from standard food and beverages. A company going through this kind of change would expect to take a few years to readjust to a new marketing strategy, and the company’s income statement shows that this is the case. Although sales were healthy at 300,000,000 Euros, the cost of goods sold is 246,000,000. This figure makes up more than 80 percent of sales, which does not leave a high gross margin and leaves even less for profit. After operating costs and amortization is accounted for, the company is left with a net profit of 480,000 Euros, discounting interest and taxes. While the company is not in the worst financial shape possible, the sharp focus of its marketing strategies and objectives has taken its toll on the company. Mercadona’s main rivals such as Dia, Caprabo , and Valvi all made before-tax profit of 4 percent on sales, yet Mercadona made less than one-third of a percent. If Mercadona wants to compete better within the hypermarket industry, then it needs to find some way to reduce its cost of goods sold. It would not be logical to try and increase sales because the company is already selling at the high end of the market and so prices are already relatively high. The only thing that the company can do is to find a way to reduce production costs so that its gross profit margin and net profit are higher than the present figures. In order to achieve this, Mercadona needs to concentrate on the stores that it has now, particularly in Barcelona, and try and consolidate the gains that it has already made. The one positive thing about the company’s current position is that at least it has stores further down the coast, whereas many of its main rivals are yet to expand to those areas. Still, Barcelona offers the largest market and a signif icant number of sales, so this is where Mercadona needs to focus all of its energies on for the time being. 2. In this case I can see three main segments that are interlinked: those within walking distance of the company’s stores, housewives who cook every day, and the working class. Because parking is limited in the city of Barcelona, there are very few car spaces available for shopper to park their cars. As a result, many of the company’

India's Globalization and Economic Development Essay

India's Globalization and Economic Development - Essay Example After India’s independence, economic managers took very cautious steps since they found the world sharply divided into two blocs. On one end, there were capitalist economies, particularly the US; on the other hand, there existed communist economies, primarily the USSR. This study will drive an evaluation of these competitive claims via a systematic investigation by use of an intensive case study. Foreign policy is the effort by a nation to capitalize on its state interest in the global environment. In 1947, India foreign policies strived to attain international peaceful environment, autonomy, strategic space, free of entanglement, conflicts, and alliances associated with Cold War while it concentrated on domestic activities aimed at nation building (Mukherjee and Malone 2). This India’s philosophy facilitated neither global economic growth nor corporation (Anonymous 14). In fact, it facilitates conflicts and collisions as Indian economic analysts assert that unlike dome stic policy, this India’s foreign policy attempt meets other states in search of the same goals for themselves and sometimes at India’s expense. ... India’s patterns of globalization side with hyperactive globalists and diplomats in spite of having existed since immemorial time. As of now, people understand foreign policy as a function of the modern state system since they can speak of the late Indian medieval policy. According to Westphalia state system, before India came to existence in the eighteenth century, she was losing sovereignty attributes and her capacity for foreign policy and independence. As a result, Imperial British interests prevailed over India’s foreign goals since the country was a dependant (Mukherjee and Malone 13). From the perspective of feminist economists, winners and losers of India appear represented in the process of globalization. For instance, due to his strong personality, Curzon tried to assert what Imperial British portrayed as India’s interests by sending Young on his expedition in Tibet. However, London reined on him so rapid to let go of his gains in order to preserve the overall British interests. The balance of power theory in conjunction with game theory put across that practitioners and diplomats analyses the working of global changes basing their facts on opportunities, joys of diplomacy, and threats. Therefore, transformers’ view of India’s globalization contradict with that of skeptics since the former believe they are fortunate to have lived in a time when India was undergoing the period of the fastest change and they aspire to practice foreign policy. Today the world is experiencing political diversities and economic values within groups where independent states do not want to accept burdens that come along with international leadership.

Educational Paradigms and Models Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Educational Paradigms and Models - Assignment Example Also, students who come from disadvantaged backgrounds are more likely to engage in complicated paths in school, for example, restarting or repeating their programs due to economic issues. They may also be forced to defer their enrollment in school due to financial difficulties. This may have a negative impact on the number of students in the school and the performance of the school in general. Moreover, students from poor families suffer from poor nutrition because they cannot afford meals that contain a balanced diet. As a result, their memory and attention during instruction may be affected, thus leading to a decreased intelligence quotient score than students from wealthy households (Darling-Hammond, 2010). The Effects of Moral Order Factors on Schools Moral order factors in schools may be attained using several approaches. One strategy is to establish a code of conduct that will highlight rules of action for every condition. Such a code requires a procedure of execution. The mor al order factors under this approach will require schools to have a standard-setting authority. In addition, schools will be compelled to have control systems and agents to the people who are required to abide by these regulations. Also, the individuals who are subjected to the code of conduct will be required to seek more detailed rules or norms for each and every specified case which will be encountered in the school. In addition, the moral order factors will require being continuously moderated to meet the changing situations in the school environment. Moral order factors will also empower and enable people to individually make the right choices and pursue the required way of life, even at the cost of sacrificing their instantaneous desires. Additionally, moral order factors will require a distinctive frame of reference for moral education in schools. Consequently, this will lead to high attachment to school enhanced, school attendance and performance, and elevated commitment to schooling. The Effects of School Board Leadership on Schools School board leadership has a number of effects on schools. School board leadership leads to satisfactory leadership and management of the schools. The board of a school holds the school accountable for its performance. The school board leadership is also active, and this has a positive impact on the development and work of different schools. In addition, a school which is led by a school board has a positive impact on its members of staff. School board leadership makes the principal give sound leadership making all members of staff committed to both the school and to further development. As a result, learning and teaching become satisfactory. Also, school board leadership makes the principal firm, inspirational and focused. This motivates the staff to meet the learners’ educational needs and make significant progress. A highly experienced school board may also offer unlimited advice for the progress of the school a nd support the initiatives executed by the principal (Fullan, 2010).  Ã‚  

Human longevity, how trans fat affects longevity Essay

Human longevity, how trans fat affects longevity - Essay Example All of the fats consumed are essentially a mixture of saturated and polyunsaturated fats. Fats have been a part of the diet of humanity from the very almost the very beginning of time in the meat that was consumed, and gradually increased when human beings found the means to extract vegetable oils from sources like coconuts, palms and olives, gradually expanding to a wide range of vegetable sources. Therefore consumption of fat in appropriate quantities was a part of human diet for a very long period of time, and consumption of appropriate quantities of suitably extracted and stored animal or vegetable fats need not have a detrimental impact on the health of an individual. It is when unsuitably extracted and stored fats are consumed that there is a greater emphasis on health hazards. To prevent fats from getting rancid or spoiled a process of hydrogenation of fats was introduced in the early nineteenth century. This process, which hardens the vegetable oils, has given us products lik e margarine and shortening. Trans fats or trans fatty acids are mainly these partially hydrogenated vegetable oils that are used in growing proportions in food products, but not necessarily the only source. Deep frying of food products is also capable of adding trans fats to the food products. The detrimental effects of trans fats on the health of an individual and the rising quantum of its consumption have become research subjects. Evidence from this interest has shown that both these factors have a negative impact on the life span of an individual. Aging is a natural and normal process in any individual. Yet there is a difference in the manner that physical abilities of an individual diminish with age. There is increased evidence from research that increase in physiological changes like increased blood sugar and cholesterol levels, elevated blood pressure and weight gain do not contribute to normal aging

The development of information technology Essay Example for Free

The development of information technology Essay The development of information technology presents attractive solution for businesses as they can develop and deliver better services to customers. This condition happens as the results of easier and simpler purchasing scheme like using web-based application (e-commerce), connectivity to multi suppliers, and faster product delivery. In many industries like manufacturing and hospitality, the adoption of information technology is undoubtedly important. Dell, a well-known computer manufacturer, for example, enables customers to design their own personal computers, which influence how Dell manages the order with some suppliers to fulfil the customer needs. Similarly, BMW, a luxury automobile manufacturer also presents similar feature. The information suggests that customers’ demands are diverse and require special attention to manage them. Concerning the initiatives to satisfy customers, this paper will elaborate discussion about the adoption of supply chain logistic management in business by selecting appropriate software applications that support logistics and supply chain management. The three vendors that are examined are Oracle, SAP, and Microsoft. 1. Background Logistics refers to management of corporate operations that involve acquisitions, storages, moving, and delivery of goods within the supply chain. Any barrier in supply chain will result in the late delivery of goods or deferred services. The situation suggests that logistics management is critical part in a company that determines the company’s success. Due to the importance of receiving raw material, processing, and delivering products; the discussion of logistics management evolve into supply chain management (SCM) that provide benefits for the company including faster time-to-market, reduced costs, and allow all parties in the supply chain to better manage current resources and plan for future needs. Concerning the logistics issue, this paper will discuss about the plan to acquire support from key stakeholders at SaveWithUs and users for a project to implement the application. The plan include information about who would be contacted, what information would be presented, and the type of support that would be sought. In addition, we will also describe about the chosen vendor, why the vendor was chosen, and a proposal to create a project to implement the application. 2. Design of Logistic and Supply Chain Management 2. 1 Needs Assessment and Support The basic need of establishing supply chain management is to lessen a company in managing process in order to ensure that the required materials and equipments are available when needed at the right time. Since supply chain management involves information technology, therefore, I would list some contacts that may support my implementation plan for supply chain management (SCM) software. The contacts are as following: Table 1 Contacts and Type of Supports Contacts Reasons to Contact Type of Supports Managements (CEOs/managers) Decision makers Agreement on put investment on SCM software to improve supply chain management Purchasing Dept Purchasing staffs become key people that involve in the supply process Justification that SCM application will lessen their jobs in managing supplies and inventories

Personal model Essay Example for Free

Personal model Essay Everyday is a different day from yesterday, which is how we should look at our daily experiences. People from all walks of life can always find a place that might mean a lot to them or be caught in a situation wherein it may be hard to move on or forgetting such circumstances will be harder than what we usually do. Such occurrences will lead to trauma, worst, psychological illnesses which will make a single person’s life miserable. Life is not a piece of cake. If we will analyze our lives, we will understand that there is something about life which makes it different and at the same time unexplainable. Everyday, new surprises arise making our lives both exciting and hard but amidst all of these, we always end up with a solution to make our lives better. Some people thinks that once a person went into a psychiatrist or a psychologist, they are insane and not in the right mind but what they do not know is what lies behind every consultation and every courage to seek from treatment. Not all mental illnesses are dangerous. Most of the time, these illnesses seeks for help, understanding and acceptance. There is no definite medication for mental illnesses but treatments and consultation would help to somehow lessen the complication. Psychiatrists and psychologists don’t bite, they help us. Post Traumatic Stress Disorder One of the most known mental illnesses is what we call Posttraumatic Stress Disorder which usually occurs when something really traumatic happens to the victim. Also most of the reason depends on how unforgettable such occurrences were. Defining Crisis and Crisis Intervention Before we come into the real discussion, first of all, we must define what is crisis and what crisis intervention is. In Chapter one of the readings, Crisis is defined as a perception of an event or a situation which the victim was having difficulty to tolerate or to have available resources for coping. Such situations lead to several mental illnesses if not treated right or if it is not given initial coping strategies. Although not all crisis leads to serious psychological problems if given proper medication and good approach to coping, some takes time to recover and needs a lot of consultation and talks. The best medication that a victim might receive is the love, care and understanding of his or her family which will be a great help for him or her to overcome stress and trauma. What causes traumas and stress? Stress and traumas comes from different situation which occurs in our everyday life. Some are unknown to us while others are not accidental. Some situation varies on cultural; or social belief or perception. The role of the internal (personal, intrapsychic) The role of the external (social structures, culture) The role of counselor Counselors are those who try to help the clients. They are not there to judge them or to tell them what to do but they were there to listen to the client and everything he or she wanted to speak of. A counselor is somehow who holds a space in his heart to feel for them and a space in his mind to think what should be done.

The Status Of The Arabic Language

The Status Of The Arabic Language Arabic is one of the widespread spoken languages among Arab speakers, especially in the Middle East and North Africa and its considered the central language of Semitic languages such as Hebrew and Aramaic languages (Zeina, 2008). Arabic is spoken by more than 280 million people as a first language and by 250 million as a second language. Regardless of the different varieties, there are three basic Arabics. To put it clearly, there are three types of Arabic: the classical language, the modern standard language and colloquial language (Zeina, 2008, Gonzalo, 2005). The first one is the language of the Holy Quran which is used by all Muslim people who perform their prayers or read the Holy Quran whether they understand what they read or not (Zeina, 2008). As for the Modern Standard Arabic, it was derived from the Classical Arabic and it is widely used in formal situations such as schools, universities, courts, government and the media. Regarding the last one, it is substantially used in daily life situations and activities among people. Arabic language is different from other languages; it has a system of its own (Back Walter Tim, 2004). It consists of 28 letters, 25 of them are consonant letters and the other three are vowels (Hattami, 2010). There is not capital letters and small letters. Moreover, it has a unique and different style because it starts from right to left in both reading and writing. (Zeina, 2008). The relationship between Arabic and other languages such as Hebrew, English, Spanish, Sicilian, and other European languages is a strong related one. It is common that languages borrow some lexical items from one another. Arabic has borrowed many words from English and other languages and other languages have done the same thing as well (wajih, 1991). In other words, Arabic has borrowed words from many languages, including Hebrew, Persian and Syriac in early centuries, Turkish in medieval times and contemporary European languages in modern times. In short, the Arabic language is a common language among Arab speakers and its roots have been taken from the Holy Quran which is considered the source of all literary works and poetry in the Arab world and all linguists refer to it when they search for some explanations of some words and meanings. Moreover, Arabic with its different writing system and varieties, it has a real and close contact to other languages, especially English. In this written assignment, I will be briefly touching on certain points. Firstly, the description of vowels and consonants found in the Arabic and English languages, and the comparison between them. Secondly, some problems that learners of the Arabic language might have in learning English. In spite of the similarities between the consonantal systems of English and Arabic, there are some differences in some aspects. For example, the Arabic language has uvular sounds Ghain / /, Qaaf, //, and Khaa //, the pharyngeal sounds Ain // and Haa // (Harakat, 1998), and emphatic sounds two plosives, / / and / /, and two fricatives, / / and / (Al-Muhtaseb et al., 2000; Ouni et al., 2005; Selouania and Caelen, 1998). These sounds actually give the Arabic language its own distinctive property. Since each language has its own system, as mentioned above, Arabic and English share common consonant sounds and some restricted-language sounds.(Eid, 2006). 1-Arabic consonant sounds The Arabic language has some consonant sounds that are not existed in the English language. In fact, there are 28 consonants in Arabic, eight stops, thirteen fricatives, one affricate, two nasals, two liquids and two glides (Mousa M. Amayreh, 2003). The following table illustrates the place, manner, and voicing of Arabic consonants. Consonant Chart for Arabic 2-English consonant sounds In English phonetics we describe consonants according to three criteria: place of articulation, manner of articulation and voicing. There are 25 consonants in English, six stops, nine fricatives, two affricates, three nasals, two glides, and two liquids. (Eid, 2006). The following table illustrates the place, manner, and voicing of English consonants. Consonant Chart for English 3- Comparison of English and Arabic consonants This part is a comparison between English and Arabic consonants. Some tables and other illustrations are provided below: 3.1 Stops Based on the tables above, one can clearly say that there are eight plosives in Arabic [ b,d,t,k,d,t,q,?] while there are six plosives in English [ ph,b,t,k,d,g]. The English language lacks the equivalents of the Arabic emphatics [dØ ¸, tØ · ], the uvular [qÙ‚] and the glottal stop [?Ù†¡]. On the other hand, the Arabic language also lacks some equivalents of the English plosives [ph, g]. The result of such difference results in some difficulties for students and speakers. As we will see later on, the difficulties that face Arab learners towards pronouncing vowels and consonants. The following table summarizes the difference between Arabic and English plosives with IPA symbols. 3.2 Fricatives The English language has nine fricatives in the labio-denteal interdental, dento-alveolar and glottal areas i.e. most of its fricatives are in the front half of the vocal tract, while the Arabic language has thirteen ranging from the labiodental to the glottal areas. In addition to that, it also has parts of uvular [ xØ ®, Ø ¹] and pharyngeal fricatives [hØ ­, Ø ¹] as well as two emphatic ones (Eid, 2006). The following table summarizes the difference between Arabic and English fricatives with IPA symbols. 3.3 Affricates There are two basic affricates in English a voiceless post-alveolar affricate [th] and a voiced post-alveolar affricate [d3] while Arabic has only one affricate, a voiced post-alveolar one [d3] (Hattami, 2010). However, some Arabic dialects, such as the Iraqi one, have [th] sound and this helps Iraqi learners speak words containing such sound properly. (Andrzej Rouag, 1993, Hattami, 2010). 3.4 Nasals The English language has three nasal sounds [m,n,g] while Arabic has only two [m,n ] (Hattami, 2010). That is, the Arabic language lacks the [g] sound which is considered an allophone of [n] before velar and uvular stops, as in: English and Arabic have the same [m] and this doesnt cause problems. On the other hand, [n] is alveolar in English while it is dental in Arabic. English and Arabic nasal sounds 3.5 Approximants There are three differences between the approximants of Arabic and English. First, English has the nasal sound [g] while it is not found in the Arabic language. Second, [r] in Arabic does not follow the approximants but the un-sustained or R-sound (Odisho, 2003b). Third, the English approximant [r] causes problems for Arab learners. 3.6 Laterals There is only one lateral sound in English [l] while the Arabic language has two: non-emphatic one [l] and emphatic one [L] (Andrzej Rouag, 1993, Hattami, 2010), as in: 3.7 Flab The phonemic system of English language does not have the so-called flap sound. However, the system of the Arabic language may be a source of substitutions for the English / r/s. (Andrzej Rouag, 1993, Hattami, 2010) 4. Consonantal problems Arab learners face in learning English Since each language has a sound system and regardless of the similarities between these languages, there, indeed, must be some differences which cause problems for learners of languages. Thus, once the Arab learners are willing to learn the English language, they may make unconscious mistakes resulting from either the interference of the two languages or unawareness of the sound systems of each language or the inexistence of certain sounds. (Hattami, 2010) A list of such problems is outlined below: /p/ as stated earlier, English has the consonant aspirated sound /p/, and /b/, whereas there is only /b/ /Ø ¨/ in Arabic. In the result, Arab learners may not be able to differentiate between these two sounds and make mistakes when pronouncing them and replace /b/ in replace of /p/. For instance, / picture/ / bicture/. /g/ the standard Arabic does not consider /g/ as a fixed sound in its sound system, but in some Arabic dialects, this sound is considered such as the Egyptian dialect. Mostly, all Arab learners of English face difficulty in differentiating between them, and they substitute the Arabic /k/ for the English /g/. For example, /game/ / kame/. / tà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «/ this sound is not also existed in the sound system of standard Arabic. However, it can be found in some Arabic dialects such as the Iraqi dialect. The counter-consonant in standard Arabic is /k/. Arab learners of English may have problems in the sound / tà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «/ and they may tend to simplify this sound to / à ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «/ .Consequently, this results in wrong pronunciation of / tà ¢Ã‹â€ Ã‚ «/. For example, chair- shair. / Æ ·/ In some cases, the simplification of / dÊ’/ to / Æ ·/ is also found. Some Arabic dialects accept this sound such as Syrian and Lebanese ones. Speakers may simplify / / to / / such as / / / / . / Ã…Å  / doesnt exist in Arabic at all, in English, it has a restriction on occurrence: it doesnt occur initially. It only occurs medially and finally. For example, finger and sing. Consequently, an Arab student who learns English is strongly conditioned by the context in which allophone /Ã…Å  / occurs and will tend to insert the conditioning /k g / such as: Singing -Think . Conclusion I have presented a brief comparison between the consonant systems of English and Arabic. I have also listed some problems in pronouncing individual consonants faced by Arabic speakers and learners of English. According to (Hattami, 2010), the remedial solution can be placed on teachers. Teachers have to be fully aware of the two sound systems and then prepare remedial drills and train students to avoid such problems in learning and speaking. Arabic consonants. Adopted from (Hattami, 2010) English consonants. Adopted from (Hattami, 2010) 2- Arabic and English Vowels Like consonants, English and Arabic have different systems of vowels. They share three common vowels / / while English is characterized by four own vowels / / and only one vowel is restricted to Arabic/ /. Moreover, a laconic overview of the vowel systems of each language will be outlined below and then a comparison will also be provided. 2.1 Arabic vowels The Arabic vowel system has six vowel sounds, three short vowels and three long ones. (Eid, 2006). These are outlined below: 2.1.1 Short vowels: Fatha: the first short vowel in Arabic. Fatha is a diagonal stroke written above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation. Its pronounced like A in English. For example, the Arabic consonant  ºÃ‚ = b in English, if we put the Fatha ÙÅ ½ above the consonant  ºÃ‚ , it will produce the sound  ºÃ‚  = ba in English. Another example is /Bat/. Damma: the second short vowel in Arabic. Damma is an apostrophe-like shape written above the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation its pronounced like o or u in English. For example, if you put Damma Ù  above the consonant  ºÃ‚ , it will produce the sound  ºÃ‚  and pronounce like /bo/ in the word / but /. Kasra: The third short vowel in Arabic is Kasra. Kasra is a diagonal stroke written below the consonant which precedes it in pronunciation, its the only short vowel that comes under the consonants, if we put Ù  under the sound  ºÃ‚  it will be pronounced like /be/ in English. Another example is / bit /. 2.1.2 Long vowels: Long vowels in Arabic are Alif /  ºÃ‚  / which is pronounced like /aa/ in English , Waw /  »Ã‚ ® / which is pronounced like /uu/ in English , and /  »Ã‚ ±/ which is pronounced like /ii/ in English. Alif / Ø / comes in three various situations front, central, and back. For example, in the word Ø ¨ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨ which means door in English, the /aa/ is front vowel. A central vowel like bar, and back vowel like low. Another example is the English word / father / and / bat /. -Waw: / Ùˆ / the second long vowel in Arabic, its pronounced like /uu/ in English. For example Ø ªÃƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ª which means blueberry and is pronounced as /toot/ in English. Another example is the word / moon/. -Ya: / ii / the third long vowel in Arabic, we can pronounce it like /ii/ in English. For example Ø ¹ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¨Ãƒâ„¢Ã…   which relates to s/body Arabic, and pronounce /arabii/ in English. Another example is the word / sheep/. As for diphthongs and tripthongs, linguists are reluctant to accept the existence of these sounds in Arabic. (Odisho, p, 49). Arabic Name Arabic Romanization Vowel fatha(t) opening (of lips) Ù Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ªÃƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ­Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ a Short A a As in accept, ascend alif mamdooda(t) extended alif Ø £Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬Å¾Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ aa Long A Ä  As in man, can kasra(t) breaking (of sound) ÙƒÙÅ ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ±Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ i Short I i As in sit, hit yaa extended yaa ÙÅ  ÃƒËœÃƒËœÃ‚ ¡Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ ee Long I Ä « As in feel, deal damma(t) joining (of lips) Ø ¶Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ËœÃƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ u Short U u As in put, foot waaw mamdooda(t) extended waaw ÙˆØÙˆÙŒ Ù†¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ ÃƒËœÃ‚ ¯Ãƒâ„¢Ã… ½ÃƒËœÃ‚ ©Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ oo Long U Ã…Â « As in sure, roof sukoon stillness Ø ³Ãƒâ„¢Ã‚ Ãƒâ„¢Ã†â€™Ãƒâ„¢Ã‹â€ Ãƒâ„¢Ã¢â‚¬  Ãƒâ„¢Ã…’ No following vowel As in stay, drag Short and long Arabic vowels in Arabic: 2.2 English vowels The English language is rich in vowels, both simple and diphthongs. Simple vowels are divided into short and long. As it is shown in tables below, we have six short vowels and five long vowels while there are eight diphthongs.(Eid, 2006). They are produced when airstream is voiced through the vibration of the vocal cords. Vowel consonants can be classified as: vowel tongue height (close, mid, open) by raising or lowering the tongue; vowel tongue position(front, center, back) by advancing the body of the tongue; and lip rounding(spread, natural, and rounded). Monophthongs Short Long Front Back Front Central Close http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_u.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ii.jpg Mid http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ee.jpg Open http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_o.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_aa.jpg Lips loosely spread. Tongue lax with less tension than / i: / Bid)) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpg Lips loosely spread and slightly wider apart than / É ª / (bed) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpg Lips neutrally open and slightly wider apart than / e / Bat)) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpg Lips loose, but closely rounded. Tongue not as tense as in / u: / (good) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_u.jpg Lips neutrally open. Open jaws. Centralized quality.(cut) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg Open lip-rounding, wide open jaws, back of tongue low.(pot) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_o.jpg Lips spread. Tongue tense (front raised) with sides touching upper molars. (bead) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ii.jpg Lips neutrally spread. Tongue slightly higher than /Éâ„ ¢/ (no firm contact with upper molars). (girl) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ee.jpg Lips neutrally open and jaws far apart. Centre to back of tongue fully open. (car) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_aa.jpg Lips closely rounded. Back of tongue high. Tense compared with /ÊÅ  /. (booed) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_uu.jpg Medium lip rounding. Tongue drawn back making no contact with upper molars.(bought) http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oo.jpg Lips in neutral position. Centralized. Tongue slightly higher than in /ÊŒ/. (teacher) http://www.btinternet.com/~ted.power/ph07.gif Diphthongs Closing Centering to /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i_bg.jpg/ to /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_u_bg.jpg/ Starting close http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ue.jpg Starting mid http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oi.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_eu.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ee3.jpg Starting open http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ai.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpg http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpg Bay, say http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oi.jpg Boy, foil http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ai.jpg Reply, high http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_eu.jpg Toe, show http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpg Cow, how http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg Beer, http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ue.jpg boor http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ee3.jpg Bear, 3- Comparison of English and Arabic vowels 3.1- Front vowels In the English sound system there are five phonemes. On the other hand, Arabic has four phonemes. English Arabic two in the high area / I / higher high and /i/. lower high two in the high area one in the mid area /e/. two in the low area / / high long, / /. High short two in the low area 3.2- Back vowels English has five phonemes while Arabic has only two. English Arabic two in the low area / / low, low, back / / higher low back Two back phonemes One in the mid area / / mid back Two in the high area / / lower high back / /higher high back. 3.3- Central vowels English has two central vowels while Arabic has no central vowels. English One mid-central / / Non-mid central / / 4- Problems Arab learners encounter in vowels: /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg/, most Arab learners pronounce the /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg/ sound, which produces when the tongue is more central and the lips are relaxed, as /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpg/ instead of /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpg/. For example, the word cup as /khttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ae.jpgp/ instead of /khttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_a.jpgp/. /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpg/, Arab speakers tend to lengthen the short vowel /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_e.jpg/, as in the words pet and men. /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpg/, which is produced when the tongue is more front and little high. For example, the word sit which pronounce as /set/ instead of /shttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_i.jpgt/. /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpg/ which supposed to pronounce by using the tongue central, then tightly round the lips. For example, the word note /nhttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_o.jpgt/ instead of the correct pronounce /nhttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_au.jpgt/. /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpg/, which produces when the tongue moves from front center to front high. For example, the word late, Arabic speakers pronounce it like /let/ instead of /lhttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ei.jpgt/. /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg/, tongue high and front then move to center. For example, the word beer as /beÉâ„ ¢(r)/ instead of /bhttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_ie.jpg(r)/. /http://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oo.jpg/, which produced by moving the tongue low, back and fixed. Jaws together. For example, the word bought /bhttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_eu.jpgt/ instead of the correct pronounce /bhttp://www.englishlanguageguide.com/english/images/ipa/ipa_oo.jpgt/. Conclusion In this short part, a distinction between English and Arabic vowels sounds is given. The distinction showed some similarities and differences between the two systems. Some tables and figures have been given to illustrate the difference vividly.

Faith in Hawthornes Young Goodman Brown Essays -- Young Goodman Brown

Nathaniel Hawthorne’s allegorical story â€Å"Young Goodman Brown† is set in Salem, Massachusetts during the late sixteen hundreds in a time of religious hysteria and only a few generations after the infamous witch trials. Although "Young Goodman Brown" is a fictional tale, it is based on the cynical environment of Salem during this time period. The short story is filled with many literary elements, leading you to question what did exactly happen to the main character at the conclusion. When analyzing a story like "Young Goodman Brown", one must recognize that the story is at whole symbolic. In the text, symbols are used to uncover the truth of the characters. The role of Faith as both a character and a spiritual element are crucial to both the story and the character of Young Goodman Brown. The names of the characters Young Goodman Brown and his wife Faith are both symbolic. â€Å"Young" infers the title character is naive and new at life. Brown’s youth suggests that he is an uncorrupted and innocent young man. Moreover, "Goodman" suggests his self-righteousness thinking he is a good man. Furthermore, "Brown" indicates he is a commoner. Thus, the full name implies he is the average naive and self-righteous Puritan. Faith’s name in the story represents his need to cling to faith. She symbolizes everything that is good and Christian to Goodman Brown. Brown’s marriage to Faith is symbolic of how he clings to faith in good in the world. The story begins with Young Goodman Brown departing from his wife. His pretty young wife Faith is immediately identified by the pink ribbons in her hair. â€Å"And Faith, as his wife was aptly named, thrust her own pretty head into the street letting the wind play with the pink ribbons on her cap.† (Hawthorne 197)... ...ssed though the use of setting, foreshadowing, and symbolism. William Graham Sumner once said â€Å"Men never cling to their dreams with such tenacity as at the moment when they are losing faith in them, and know it, but do not dare yet to confess it to themselves.† (brainyquote.com). This statement holds many truths to the thoughts and actions of the young Goodman Brown in Hawthorne’s allegorical story. Brown was quick to go on his foreboding quest, knowing what his meeting with the devil may lead to, and only when threatened and scared attempted to turn back to hold on to both Faith physically and psychologically. Whether his journey into the forest was an illusion or not, Brown’s perception of faith in society have been dramatically altered, as he may have lost all faith in humanity. brainyquote.com http://www.brainyquote.com/quotes/quotes/w/williamgra401700.html

scarlet letter essay :: essays research papers

What is the cuase for an extreme obsession? Why is it that occasionally, someone will become so obsessed with an object or idea that it corrupts their personality? In the novel The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne illustrates a character by the name of Chillingworth who shares in that same type of obsession. After his wife, hester, has an affair with a minister, Aurther Dimmesdale, he poledges to have vengeance . despite his wife’s unwillingness to rreveal her partner, He Chillingworth’s corruptive obsession is also the cause for the change in his physical appearance. Throughout the novel Chillingworth’s physical appearance fluctuates dramatically. At the beginning of the novel he is portrayed as a loving man and the reader often felt sympathy for him due to his wife’s affair. As time progresses, Hawthorne shows a remarkable change in his appearance due to the overwhelming time and energy in conducting the ultimate devise to bring evil upon Dimmesdale. At this point, Chillingworth’s obsession has surpassed the norm. His constant thoughts of revenge deepen the evil into his heart to a point where it consumes and alters his personality. He is no longer the man who was very religious and innocent. He now is corrupt and has nothing else on his mind other that to spread evil. His face grows uglier by the day as his fixation engulfs him, â€Å"†¦how much uglier they were,-how his dark complexion seemed to have grown duskier , and his figure more misshapen.† (Hawthorne77). Chillingworth’s face has changed due to the evil that has now grown inside him. He has held these feelings too long and it is now beginning to alter his appearance. He blames Dimmesdale for what he has now become because the once handsome and loving man he once was is now corrupted by the power or evil that fills his head. Chillingworth’s change in appearance was from the source of wickedness that had buried itself into his soul. When his life hangs only by this obsession, his fate is suspended by the man whom he feels it towards.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Chillingworth’s ultimate plans for revenge are ruined when Dimmesdale finally confesses the sin which he kept secret for so many years. Chilligworth wants nothing less than for Dimmesdale to suffer with his secret until he dies. The only way that Dimmesdale could have escaped out of the unbreakable grip of Chillingworth’s claws was through the scaffold.

Pales Paradigm and Lamarcks Paradigm Essay -- Philosophy, Scientific

According to Tomas Kuhn, â€Å"normal science means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice† (Pajares ). The achievements that Kuhn defines as paradigms help the scientific community develop a scientific method to resolve puzzles. Particular puzzles that paradigms fail to solve and eventually lead to paradigm shifts are called anomalies. Since Kuhn first introduces the relations of these three terms to philosophy of science in â€Å"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,† scientific communities have improved their understandings of science and society. By describing two different paradigms of Paley and Lamarck on organic change in the early nineteenth century, Kuhn’s paradigms can further demonstrate its efficient way to articulate scientific assumptions and understand the scientific change. In William Paley’s paradigm, the world is perfectly designed by a benevolent God who purposefully created everything and â€Å"superadded pleasure to animal sensations† (RP 47 ). Paley strongly believes the existence of a God who is wise and benevolent enough to create everything on earth with happiness and a purpose. For Paley, science is a tool to complement the greatness of religion and prove the importance of Design (RP 46). In order to support his paradigm, Paley illustrates the contrivance and work of God in nature with the methodological assumption of First Cause (the belief in the existence of God) and Final Cause (the belief that a God creates an object with a purpose). Additionally, the metaphysical assumption of a close, active God underlies the paradigm as a premise that influences e... ...d for centuries. On the other hand, Lamarck challenges this traditional thought and brings about a new theory that contains controversial ideas. With this provocative attitude, he demonstrates his intent to challenge the achievements for centuries and cause scientific change leading to paradigm shifts. Comparing Paley’s and Lamarck’s paradigms show how Kuhn’s paradigm can be used to compare and explain different paradigms. With the examples of observation, assumptions, and anomalies, two paradigms clearly demonstrate their ability to solve puzzles as well as their potential influence on understanding of society. The Kuhn’s paradigm model helps understand the changes in scientific perspectives and the course of European society. The use of this paradigm model can provide an opportunity to explain current scientific paradigms and assist in developing new paradigms. Pale's Paradigm and Lamarck's Paradigm Essay -- Philosophy, Scientific According to Tomas Kuhn, â€Å"normal science means research firmly based upon one or more past scientific achievements, achievements that some particular scientific community acknowledges for a time as supplying the foundation for its further practice† (Pajares ). The achievements that Kuhn defines as paradigms help the scientific community develop a scientific method to resolve puzzles. Particular puzzles that paradigms fail to solve and eventually lead to paradigm shifts are called anomalies. Since Kuhn first introduces the relations of these three terms to philosophy of science in â€Å"The Structure of Scientific Revolutions,† scientific communities have improved their understandings of science and society. By describing two different paradigms of Paley and Lamarck on organic change in the early nineteenth century, Kuhn’s paradigms can further demonstrate its efficient way to articulate scientific assumptions and understand the scientific change. In William Paley’s paradigm, the world is perfectly designed by a benevolent God who purposefully created everything and â€Å"superadded pleasure to animal sensations† (RP 47 ). Paley strongly believes the existence of a God who is wise and benevolent enough to create everything on earth with happiness and a purpose. For Paley, science is a tool to complement the greatness of religion and prove the importance of Design (RP 46). In order to support his paradigm, Paley illustrates the contrivance and work of God in nature with the methodological assumption of First Cause (the belief in the existence of God) and Final Cause (the belief that a God creates an object with a purpose). Additionally, the metaphysical assumption of a close, active God underlies the paradigm as a premise that influences e... ...d for centuries. On the other hand, Lamarck challenges this traditional thought and brings about a new theory that contains controversial ideas. With this provocative attitude, he demonstrates his intent to challenge the achievements for centuries and cause scientific change leading to paradigm shifts. Comparing Paley’s and Lamarck’s paradigms show how Kuhn’s paradigm can be used to compare and explain different paradigms. With the examples of observation, assumptions, and anomalies, two paradigms clearly demonstrate their ability to solve puzzles as well as their potential influence on understanding of society. The Kuhn’s paradigm model helps understand the changes in scientific perspectives and the course of European society. The use of this paradigm model can provide an opportunity to explain current scientific paradigms and assist in developing new paradigms.

Crash Movie Essay Essay

One must never judge or discriminate a person based on their physical attributes. Prejudice and discrimination directed against someone of a different race is known as racism. It is evident in the movie â€Å"Crash† directed by Paul Haggis, that people misconceive others due to judgement on their physical traits. Throughout the movie, the characters living in Los Angeles face the challenges of fitting in a town populated by people of different colours. The offenders are the â€Å"white† people whereas the victims are everyone else. The presence of racism is the main cause of every conflict that occurs in the movie. The majority of the racism involved in the movie is towards the negro population. They are perceived as thugs, thieves and murderers. In the beginning of the movie, two black friends, Anthony and Peter, are walking in a strictly â€Å"white† neighbourhood feeling discriminated as they chat amongst themselves, being racist towards white people. They mention how they are seen from a white person’s point of view and at that moment, Jean Cabot and her husband walk towards their car. The two pull out their guns and aim at their heads, taking away their vehicle. The two boys are dressed in baggy sweaters, displaying a thuggish style, which provokes Jean’s judgement on them. Anthony has cornrows and Peter is wearing a toque, as they walk with â€Å"swag†. Later on, Jean snaps at her husband and mentions how she was already aware that the two black friends were going to steal their car 10 seconds before it actually happened, based on their physical appearance. Racism towards black people is also highlighted through the character of Officer John Ryan. As Ryan is driving, he is told on the radio, that a car has been stolen, Jean Cabot’s car, and another car of the same model is driving ahead of Ryan. Knowing that the vehicle in front of him isn’t the stolen car, Ryan makes the driver, a black man, pull over and he molests his wife, leaving them humiliated, which creates a drift in the married couple’s relationship. Cameron, the black driver that was pulled over by Officer Ryan, remains quiet while his wife is being touched by the officer because he is afraid. If he speaks up, not only will he put in jail but he will also be humiliated if his colleagues find out. Racism isn’t only towards the black population of the town, it is demonstrated in many other ethnicities as well. Jean Cabot is a woman who believes her race, white, is superior than any other race including black and hispanic. Jean is also very rude towards her maid Maria, and she gets angry at her over the littlest things. She is also convinced that mexicans are gangsters so, when Daniel is changing the locks at her house, she demands that they get redone the next day, fearing that Daniel will sell a copy of her house keys to one of his gangster friends. Farhad, a persian man with a strong accent, is also humiliated by a gun store owner when he’s trying to buy a gun. The victims of racism realize that the behaviour towards them is unfair so they find ways to stand up for themselves. Cameron, with his marriage life a stake, snaps at police officers when he is pulled over once again. Officer Tom Hansen saves Cameron’s life otherwise, the other police officers would’ve shot him. Cameron was once mistreated which shook his family life and created a gap between him and his wife therefore, he didn’t want the white people to take control of his life. Daniel, who was always mistaken for a gangster was finally fed up with it. As he was fixing the locks of Farhad’s store, Farhad calls him a cheater because he thought Daniel didn’t do his job. Daniel doesn’t take the money from Farhad and leaves, having done his job properly, yet Farhad believes that Daniel is a liar. Not only do the victims stand up for themselves but the offenders also realize the grave mistake they were making by judging people based on their looks. Officer Ryan sees an accident and as a police officer, it is his job to rescue the injured people. When he goes to save the person in the car, he sees that it’s Cameron’s wife, the woman he molested earlier. She doesn’t want him touching her because he is the cause of her marital problems. After rescuing her, almost sacrificing his own life, he realizes that he was wrong about mistreating her earlier. Jean Cabot, the egotistical woman, falls down a flight of stairs, spraining her ankle and Maria, her maid she mistreated, helps her and takes her to the hospital. Jean, a lonely woman with fake friends, then realizes that the only person who’s true to you is the person who stands by you in the hard times, not the good times. She hugs Maria and tells her that she is her best friend. Throughout the entire movie, the only person who hadn’t discriminated anyone based on physical appearance was officer Tom Hansen. After watching Officer Ryan molest Christine, Cameron’s wife, he no longer wants to work with Ryan. He transfers to a different officer because he couldn’t take the racism Ryan had towards the citizens. Peter, asking for a lift, gets a ride from Hansen off the road. At first, Hansen notices Peter’s dirty shoes and torn sweater. In the car, Hansen is playing country music and Peter admits to liking country music but due to his appearance, Hansen doesn’t believe him. Usually people dressed like Peter enjoy rap or hip hop style. Frustrated Peter remarks a little statue on Hansen’s dashboard, similar to the one he has in his pocket. Peter then starts laughing and Hansen starts worrying and continuously asking Peter what he is laughing about. Peter doesn’t tell Hansen so, he pulls over and asks him to leave his car. Peter, trying to convince Hansen, reaches for his pocket to show the statue and tell him what he is laughing about but Hansen fears that Peter may be pulling out a gun to shoot at him. As Peter takes the statue out of his pocket, Hansen pulls the trigger and kills Peter. It is ironic because Hansen, the person who doesn’t judge anyone throughout the entire film, is the one who kills someone based on their physical appearance. Peter was the only person who died in the movie. Peter’s death was not a mistake. Hansen intended to kill Peter but only because of the way he was presenting himself and the way he was dressed. Anyone could’ve been mistaken but Hansen, amongst all the other characters, was least likely. Racism was one of the main themes that Paul Haggis was trying to show the viewers. Throughout the movie we see how citizens are discriminated, classified and generalized based on their physical traits. We also see how different cultures try to make other cultures inferior to them. Racism also shows a person’s tolerance and how they cope with difficult stages in life and what it takes to make them lose all their patience. People also reach a certain limit of disrespecting others and what triggers their conscience to finally be aware of the way they have mistreated the people around them is also evident in the movie. Racism is an issue that has been going on in the world for over a hundred years and it still exists today. In order to break the cycle of racism, we must seek into ourselves and think before discriminating others because someday, we can also be discriminated. Our world is filled with different cultures, people and colours, but at the end of the day, we are all human.

The Biography of Clarence Thomas

Clarence doubting doubting doubting doubting doubting Thomas is a arbitrary motor hotel umpire, who has been under critique since the day that he was awarded. Thomas has been chastised for his views on Affirmative Action and his views on African-Americans evolution into the mainstream of our society. Chief Justice Thomas, since his escort has been marked as a far right conservative. In the startle of his tenure he was labeled as Chief Justice Scalias, second vote. Since so Thomas has removed himself from this shadow to confront insight on his take in conservative ideas. Clarence Thomas was born on June 23, 1948 in Pin Point, Georgia.Thomas is a chela of Mr. M. C. Thomas and Leola Anderson. He grew up in a single-mother household. Thomass begetter abandoned him and his mother, Leola, when he was both. Times were unattackable for his family, and his mother by and by sent him and his crony to live with his grandfather, Myers Anderson in Savannah, Georgia. His grandfather instilled in Clarence that education would be his key to unlocking the vergesill to a successful lifetime. He cute him to overcome the color boundaries that were present during this clipping in Americas history. Clarence Thomas has an extensive educational background.Thomas accompanied an all told black high school in Savannah before drop out and enrolling at St. stool Vianney minor Seminary. Thomas withdrew at his grandfathers urging to kick the bucket a minister. After his graduation category St. John Vianney Minor Seminary he was true to Immaculate C at a timeption Seminary. However, he once again withdrew, this time because of the racial events that had occurred date at melting. At this time Holy violate University began recruiting black students and he was accepted. Thomas worked ambitious to not only succeed and graduate, save to excel in his classes.He receive ninth in his class at Holy Cross, in 1971. temporary hookup at Holy Cross, Thomas met Ms. Kate A mbush and they afterwards get hitched with. Thomas only child (Jamal) was as a result of this marriage (Clarence and Kate later divorced in 1984. He has since married to Virgina Lamp, in 1987). Clarence Thomas decided that he wanted to advance his education and employ to Yale Law give lessons. Again, Thomas applied to a university were a minority program was apply just a few old age earlier, and he was accepted. After graduating from Yale Law School Thomass future looked bright.While at Yale his emphasis dealt with tax and anti-trust uprightness. Upon Thomas graduation from Yale he went to work for John Danforth, the attorney general of Missouri. While operative for the attorney general Thomas worked in the tax division. In 1977, Danforth was elected to the Senate and Thomas went to work for Monsanto Company as a corporate lawyer in the pesticide and husbandry division. After a couple of geezerhood of work for Monsanto, Thomas became a legislative assistant on energy and environmental projects for Senator Danforth.During this time Thomas attracted much circumspection from the Reagan administration, which landed him a job as assistant secretary for civil rights in the pedagogics Department. prexy Reagan then promoted Thomas to head of the Equal Employment probability commissioning. While at the EEOC, Thomas range the agency in position to apply law. He also changed administration, policies, and implemented raw(a) procedures to improve the agency.Thomas success as head of the EEOC led to a hot seat supply appointment to the U. S. romanceroom of Appeals in Washington D. C. as a assess in 1990. He only dispensed 17 months before being nominal to the supreme Court by chairwoman Bush after the retirement of Thurgood Marshall. An appointment to the unite States Supreme Court is for a life consideration. in that respectfore, it makes since that the process used to appoint the justices is discern and thorough. The appointment of a Supreme Court justice is do by the professorship of the United States and affirm by the Senate. There can be many reasons wherefore a person is to be chosen as a justice to the highest court of law in the land.Presidents set about appointed veritable stack because of their political ideologies, judicial philosophies, gender, religion, or race. The latter reason played a big role in the appointment of Clarence Thomas to the Supreme Court. Thurgood Marshall, appointed by President Lyndon Johnson as the first black-American to serve on the court, retired in 1991. (Infoplease. com encyclopedia) Then President George Bush, felt pressure to re stupefy this good k forthwithn minority figure with another(prenominal) African-American.Marshall had served the court from 1967 to 1991, and many minority and political groups, including the NAACP and the Congressional Black assemble felt that another minority should sign his place. Clarence Thomas was the obvious choice for President Bush, but the NAACP and the Congressional Black Caucus, who tend to be more liberal, did not needfully want Thomas to be put up because of his conservative views. President Bush nominated Thomas for his legal qualifications, and backed his candidacy on promising to only appoint individuals who will interpret the law, rather than gain it.After the President made this decision, all that was needed was the Senate approval. However, it was not that easy. Perhaps no other recent appointment to the Supreme Court was more controversial than that of Clarence Thomas. The Senate was localize to confirm Thomas appointment when the Senate administration Committee reopened the hearings to investigate charges of k todayledgeable bedevilment blamed on Thomas. A fellow named Anita Hill accused Clarence Thomas of sexual harassment while they worked in two different federal agencies, the Department of Education and the Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC). MSN Encarta. com encyclopedia) Sudd enly, many problems surrounded Thomas stir for the Supreme Court.The timing of the accusations could not consider been worse. Although the timing cast a unbelief upon Anita Hill herself. If the supposed harassment took place in the 80s, why was she just now coming forward? Ms. Hills answer was that she could not get herself to peach about the topic until she felt obligate to do so. In the Senate hearings Ms. Hill, a law professor, had this to say I thought that by saying no and explaining my easons, my employer would abandon his social suggestions. However, to my regret, in the following few weeks he continued to ask me out on several occasions. He pressed me to relieve my reasons for saying no to him.These incidents took place in his office or mine. They were in the line of private conversations which would not have been overheard by anyone else. (Hill Testimony Transcripts) This statement makes the accusations his word versus hers. Thomas denied any wrong doing and called the televising of the Senate hearings a advanced lynching. (MSN Encarta. om Encyclopedia) Finally, the debates ended and Thomas nomination was confirmed on October 15,1991.Thomas would win because the Senate did allege his appointment to the United States Supreme Court by the narrowest affirmation vote for a Supreme Court Justice in this Century. (OConnor & Sabato, 238) The vote was fifty-two in elevate and forty-eight against. The Thomas-Hill scandal immediately made Thomas a well cognise and a closely watched justice. At first, people and the press watched his actions for other reasons than his race or judicial ism.More recently, however, people have come to notice his judicial decisions and philosophy more than his actions. Although Thomas appointment was amidst controversy, he is now stepping out on his own on his ideas. Thomas has come a long way from his childhood that started in Pin Point and Savannah, Georgia. He is now a Justice on the highest court in the United Stat es. Thomas term has been brief compared to the tenure of his collogues, but in his mind he has unlocked the door to success, and is walking through it.

Coke Zero Essay

1. Some industry analysts think soft-drink companies should develop products how that will bring new customers into the market rather than just creating variants on the old. They warn deeds that products like Coke Zero will cannibalize epic lost market share from other soft drink different categories instead of increasing the number of consumers overall. Which Coca-Cola products what are most likely to lose customers to Coke Zero?Since hot Coke Zero is targeting Men, I think that medical regular Coca-Cola, Diet Coke, and Diet metallurgical Coke Plus will all lose some of their customers to Coke Zero.So as a consequence, it was born.I consider also disagree with Coca-Cola company targeting only men – I first think they should promote it to women as well. They really do have a great affect when the word â€Å"zero† is in it’s name. Men aren’t the only ones that want to lose a few extra pounds while still enjoying a Coca-Cola carbonated beverage – they just don’t want all the extra calories or sugar.3.Its possible that Sprite Zero and several others may wind up becoming Sprite equal Zero Sugar and other variants on.

Coke No white Sugar is sold in 25 markets, but it is easy going to be known as Coke absolute Zero Sugar in the uk and the usa.Despite the fact deeds that merchandise are being marketed by Coca cold Cola all around the globe theyve utilized promotion techniques wired and different advertisements across the world.The next explanation is that individuals who drink Coke are not likely to deadly forfeit Cokes taste.Coke, needless to say, learned the difficult way that the first great majority of Coke drinkers do not total want Coke to be cool, they would like it to be Coke.

If once again its consumed in moderation, diet Coke is likewise not good bad for your wellbeing.Both Coke Zero and fat Diet Coke will nevertheless be available.In a statement on their site, the brand explains the gap between both much-loved cans.Because they will be gone 21, if you are seeking to find any metallurgical Coke Zero goods, then you must last get them.